|
:''For the group founded in 1975, see Rote Hilfe e.V.'' The Rote Hilfe ("Red Aid") was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936. == Origin == The Rote Hilfe was first organized as a result of the political repression in April 1921〔("Rote Hilfe" ) Retrieved June 3, 2010 〕 following bloody strikes and communist rebellions in central Germany in March of that year. It was formed after a decision the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). In November 1921, a "Berlin Committee" was created as a central committee. The Fourth World Congress of the Comintern in Moscow from 5 October - 12 November 1922, called for "the creation of organizations to render material and moral aid to all captives of capitalism in prison." This effort later became the International Red Aid, (also known by its Russian abbreviation, MOPR).〔Cited in Branko Lazitch and Milorad M. Drachkovitch, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern: New, Revised, and Expanded Edition.'' Hoover Institution Press, Stanford, California (1986), pg. xxviii〕 The ''Rote Hilfe Deutschlands'' (RHD) was founded on 1 October 1924 as an organization affiliated with the KPD. Artist Heinrich Vogeler, was one of the founding members and was elected to the Central Committee. The first chairman was Wilhelm Pieck, later the first and only president of the German Democratic Republic. He was previously the leader of the ''Juristischen Zentralstelle'' of the Landtag of the Weimar Republic and the Reichstag faction of the KPD.〔(Wilhelm Pieck timeline ) Retrieved June 10, 2010 〕 After 1925, Clara Zetkin assumed leadership of the RHD. After the death of Julian Marchlewski that same year, she also led the MOPR. In the beginning, the organization was active with the campaign, "Rote Hilfe for the victims of war and work", part of an international campaign to support war victims and those disabled at work. The main emphasis of the work was the support of arrested members of the ''Rotfrontkämpferbund'', the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, Communist Workers' Party of Germany, unionists, as well as unaffiliated individuals and their family members.〔〔Sabine Hering, Kurt Schilde (Editors), ''Die Rote Hilfe - Die Geschichte der internationalen kommunistischen "Wohlfahrtsorganisation" und ihre sozialen Aktivitäten in Deutschland (1921-1941)''. VS-Verlag (2003)〕 The Rote Hilfe proclaimed 18 March 1923 (anniversary of the Paris Commune) to be the "International Day of Aid for Political Prisoners" and observed this day till they were banned by the National Socialists in 1933.〔("18. März - Aktionstag für die Freiheit aller politischen Gefangenen und gegen Repression" ) Libertad Online, official website. (March 16, 2010) Retrieved June 26, 2010 〕 In March 1930, the Rote Hilfe took part in the founding of a German section of the "International Juridical Union", which dealt with penal, popular, constitutional and labor rights. In 1933, the Rote Hilfe was banned, following the issuing of the Reichstag Fire Decree. Hans Litten,〔Knut Bergbauer, Sabine Fröhlich and Stephanie Schüler-Springorum, (''Denkmalsfigur. Biographische Annäherung an Hans Litten 1903 - 1938'' ) pp. 229-230, Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen (2008) ISBN 3-8353-0268-X 〕 Felix Halle, Alfred Apfel and other lawyers were arrested the very night of the Reichstag fire. The organization tried to continue its work through 1934, directed by exiled leadership in Paris.〔Atina Grossmann, ("German Communism and New Women" ) in: Helmut Gruber and Pamela M. Graves (eds.) ''Women and Socialism, Socialism and Women: Europe Between the Two World Wars'' (1998), p. 157. Berghahn Books ISBN 1-57181-152-4 Retrieved November 13, 2011〕 By 1935-1936, the Rote Hilfe had been dissolved by the Gestapo. Some members continued to work underground〔("Neue Forschungen zur Roten Hilfe" ) Two reviews. Retrieved June 8, 2010 〕 to help threatened individuals go into exile through the Saar (protectorate), then still an autonomous region. Wilhelm Beuttel took over the leadership of the organization from exile in Paris in 1933-1934. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rote Hilfe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|